Why don't civil servants pay into the statutory pension insurance?

Beamtinnen and Beamte have their own service and provision relationship with their employer, which handles retirement provision through the Pension, called Versorgungsbezüge in civil-service law, rather than the statutory pension insurance. The employer carries the provision burden directly, without ongoing contributions being paid in from salary and employer as with regular employees. That's a structural difference in the German retirement-provision system, not an exception or a special edge case.

What's the maximum Ruhegehaltssatz for civil servants?

The statutory maximum rate is 71.75 percent of final pensionable pay, reachable after around 40 years of service. The actual rate depends on individual years of service, possible interruptions, and the applicable state or federal law, which is why the maximum rate, without your own service record, is only an upper limit, not a projection for your specific case.

What does Beihilfe cover, and what's left for private health insurance?

Beihilfe is an allowance from the employer toward the medical costs of civil servants and often their dependents. The assessment rate typically runs between 50 percent (active civil servants with no or one child) and up to 80 percent (for example for family members or depending on state law and number of children), with 70 percent a common rate for civil servants with several children or in retirement. The remaining part is generally covered through private health insurance, whose premium is calculated independent of income, based on age, health status, and chosen tariff, and tends to keep rising in retirement.

Is an ETF savings plan even worth it alongside a fairly high pension?

Yes, because the Pension, contrary to a common assumption, doesn't automatically cover the entire cost of retirement: the private health-insurance premium in retirement is a separate, recurring cost block, one that someone with statutory health insurance carries differently through statutory health insurance. An ETF portfolio, built up over decades, serves in this setup as a targeted buffer for exactly that cost block, regardless of how high the Pension itself turns out.

What happens to the Ruhegehaltssatz when changing Bundesland or employer?

Years of service are generally credited when changing within the public sector, but the exact rules on crediting and the applicable pension law differ by Bundesland and type of change. Anyone planning a change should clarify the transferability of their years of service and the future Beihilfe rate directly with the responsible personnel office, rather than assuming automatic equal treatment.

Civil servants and retirement: how pension, private cover, and an ETF savings plan develop together

Most pension calculators assume the statutory pension insurance. As a Beamtin or Beamter (civil servant) you have a different structure: a Pension instead of pension points, Beihilfe instead of statutory health insurance. Two civil servants, two career stages, one combined picture of pension, health-insurance costs, and an investment account.

If you're verbeamtet, a career civil servant, you don't pay into the statutory pension insurance and don't accumulate pension points. Instead, your later Pension, called Versorgungsbezüge in civil-service law, is built from the Ruhegehaltssatz (pension rate), which depends on your years of service, and your final Besoldung (civil-service pay). Health insurance works differently too: through Beihilfe, an allowance from your employer toward medical costs, combined with private health insurance for the part it doesn't cover. An ordinary pension calculator, built around the statutory pension insurance, simply can't produce a meaningful number for this situation.

The figures below are model calculations based on plausible example assumptions about pay, years of service, and contribution rates. The exact pension rate, the Beihilfe assessment, and the private health-insurance premium depend on the Bundesland (federal state), the employer, and the individual contract. Miravel works with your own numbers.

Why an ordinary pension calculator doesn't work for civil servants

A pension calculator for employees works with pension points, which come from social-security-liable gross income, and with statutory health insurance contributions. Neither of these exists in that form for a Beamtin or Beamter. The Pension instead comes from the Ruhegehaltssatz, a percentage of your final pay that rises with your years of service, up to a legally capped maximum rate. Health insurance runs through Beihilfe, which, depending on family status and standing, typically covers between 50 and 80 percent of costs, while the rest has to be covered by private health insurance, whose premium rises with age.

Anyone who looks up these three figures, Pension, Beihilfe share, and private health-insurance premium, separately misses exactly what matters for their own retirement planning: how much is actually left net once the Pension arrives, when a growing share of it goes toward private health insurance.

Two civil servants, different career stages

Ms Berger is a department head, 52 years old, with 28 years of service, in a higher pay grade. Mr Krause is a teacher, 38 years old, with 12 years of service, in a mid-range pay grade. Both save additionally in an ETF savings plan, because both know that the Pension alone won't automatically cover private health insurance in retirement.

Ms Berger: close to retirement, pension and health insurance in view

What the Miravel model works out for Ms Berger's household on the ETF savings plan: at a monthly contribution of €500 over her remaining 13 years of service and a modeled return of 6 percent a year, the portfolio comes to around €118,000 at retirement. This figure comes straight out of the simulation and reacts to any change in contribution, term, or return assumption.

The Pension itself follows a different logic, one that sits outside the Miravel simulation and serves as a general orientation: the Ruhegehaltssatz rises with years of service up to a legally capped maximum of 71.75 percent of final pensionable pay, reachable after around 40 years of service. With Ms Berger's 28 years of service, the actual rate is lower than that. As an indicative figure for this model calculation, a pension of around €4,300 to €4,500 was assumed. On top of that comes private health insurance, whose premium rises in retirement because Beihilfe only covers part of the cost, assumed here at around €550 to €700 a month.

Only once you put them side by side does what actually matters for Ms Berger become visible: from a Pension that looks comfortable on its own, a noticeable share goes toward private health insurance, a cost item that someone in the statutory pension insurance doesn't face in this form, because statutory health insurance in retirement is financed differently. The ETF portfolio is therefore not just extra wealth, it's a buffer built specifically for this recurring cost block.

Mr Krause: mid-career, a long horizon for the portfolio

Mr Krause is 26 years from retirement. That changes the weighting of his three building blocks considerably compared with Ms Berger.

Pension: with 12 years of service today and around 26 more to go until retirement, the Ruhegehaltssatz sits well below the statutory maximum of 71.75 percent, which is only reached after around 40 years of service. A reliable projection can only be made responsibly much closer to retirement, because pay development and possible career changes over such a long period carry a lot of uncertainty.
Private health insurance: the premium in retirement depends heavily on the age you enter private health insurance and how contributions develop over decades, likewise with considerable uncertainty over this time horizon.
ETF savings plan: here the long horizon pays off. At a contribution of €350 a month over 27 years and a modeled return of 6 percent a year, the simulation works out a portfolio of around €284,000, considerably more than Ms Berger's despite a lower monthly contribution, purely through the longer term.

For Mr Krause, the ETF portfolio is the building block that can already be calculated with high precision today, while the Pension and private health-insurance premium inevitably stay rough estimates until he's closer to retirement. That's not a flaw in the calculation, it's an honest statement about what's predictable over 26 years and what isn't.

What this calculation really shows

Both civil servants have a Pension that looks solid on its own. Only once you set it alongside the private health-insurance premium and the ETF portfolio does it become clear how much of the Pension actually stays freely available, and how much the portfolio can offset that difference. A pension calculator that only knows the statutory pension insurance shows no number at all for civil servants. A portfolio calculator shows the ETF growth, but not what it will be needed for later.

What can actually be changed about this calculation

For civil servants there are specific levers that a generic pension calculator doesn't show at all, because it doesn't know the civil-service structure:

Adjust the ETF contribution rate to the gap actually expected between the pension and today's standard of living, instead of saving a round number
Check private health insurance regularly for contribution development and the Beihilfe assessment rate, since both can change over the years
When changing Bundesland or employer, clarify the transferability of years of service and the applicable Beihilfe rate, since both can differ
Plan additional voluntary retirement provision if the Ruhegehaltssatz stays below the maximum rate due to interrupted years of service

Which of these levers actually helps depends on the pay grade, the years of service, and the chosen ETF savings plan. That's not something you can look up in a single pension calculator, it needs a calculation that models the pension, private health-insurance costs, and portfolio development together over decades.

Why the whole picture makes the difference here

For civil servants, Miravel doesn't calculate with the statutory pension insurance, it models your actual structure: the provisions and contributions that genuinely apply in your household, together with the ETF portfolio, income, and household buffer, simulated over the years. For figures outside the simulation, like the exact Ruhegehaltssatz or your employer's Beihilfe assessment, Miravel shows you which assumption sits behind the model instead of hiding it.

Your data stays in your browser throughout. Miravel doesn't tell you how much to save. It shows you what happens with your own numbers over the coming decades.

Frequently asked questions

Miravel models the retirement-provision structure of civil servants, not that of someone in statutory pension insurance: provision contributions, ETF portfolio, income, and household buffer, simulated over decades. Start now for free.